Data communication is crucial to our ever-growing digital world. Understanding how different methods for data transmission work is essential for designing reliable and efficient networks. From the one-way simplicity of simplex communications to the bidirectional nature of full duplex communications different methods affect the way data is transferred and received.
Hardware in a data communications circuit will use different techniques to efficiently transfer data. These include multiplexing and desmultiplexing. These are processes that combine or separate signals, and then send them as a combined signal. This maximizes bandwidth utilization and lowers costs. Error-detection code and signal amplifiers also minimize data corruption from electric disturbances, or even momentary electrical noises that could alter bits of data while they travel along the channel of communication.
Data communications also includes rules (protocol) that are followed by both the computers of the sender and receiver. These rules help ensure that the message is read and accepted without error.
The sender can be a device such as a computer or device that creates the message and then transmits it. It could be in the form text, numbers, images, sounds or videos. The receiver is the device or computer which receives the message that could be the exact same as the sender or different. The transmission medium is the physical way from the sender to the receiver. It could be a wired medium, such as twisted pair wire or fiber optic cable or wireless such as lasers, microwaves, radio waves.
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